Scout Movement

1. Scout Movement History
Scouting is the process of education apart from the school environment and family circle in the form of interesting activity, pleasant, healthy, regularly, practice, carried out in the open air with the principle of the scouting Foundation and the scouting method, that finally target been the formation of the character, moral and the noble character.
Scouting is the process of the self-taught activity that was progressive for the young to develop himself personal entirely good physical, the intellectual, emotions, social and spiritual as the individual and as the community member.
Scouting also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, so that they may play constructive roles in society. The movement was begun in England in 1907 by Robert Baden-Powell, who based his program on two already existing American Organizations: Sons of Daniel Boone founded by the American illustrator-naturalist Daniel Carter Beard, and Woodcraft Indians, started by the British-born Canadian writer Ernest Thompson Seton.
When Robert Baden-Powell Lieutenant General in the British Army, held the first Scouting encampment at Brown sea Island in England. Baden-Powell wrote the principles of Scouting in Scouting for Boys (London,1908), based on his earlier military book, with influence and support of Seton of the Woodcraft Indians, Smith of the Boys Brigade, and his publisher Pearson. During the first half of the 20th century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups each for boys (Cub Scout, Boy Scout, Rover Scout) and in 1910, a new organization, Girl Guides, was created for girls (Brownie Guide, Girl Guide and Girl Scout, Ranger Guide). The movement employs the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking, and sports. Another widely recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform, by intent hiding all differences of social standing in country and making for equality, with neckerchief and campaign hat or comparable head wear. Distinctive uniform insignia include the fleur-de-lis and the trefoil, as well as merit badges and other patches.
In 2007, Scouting and guiding together have over 38 million members in 216 countries. The two largest umbrella organizations are the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), for boys-only and co-educational organization, and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), primarily for girls-only organization but also accepting co-educational organizations. 2007 also marks the centenary of scouting worldwide, with member organization planning event all over the world in order to celebrate this event. As a military officer, Baden-Powell was stationed in India and Africa in the 1880s and 1890s.in South Africa in the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell was besieged in the small town of Mafeking by a much larger Boer army (the siege of Mafeking). The Mafeking Cadet Corps was a group of youth that supported the troops by carrying massages, which freed the men for military duties and kept the boys occupied during the long siege. The Cadet Corps performed well, helping in the defense of the town (1899-1900), and were one of the many factors that inspired Baden-Powell to form the Scouting movement. Each member received a badge that illustrated a combined compass point and spearhead. The badge’s logo was similar to the fleur-de-list that scouting later adopted as its international symbol. The Boy Scout movement swiftly established it self throughout the British Empire soon after the publication of Scouting for Boys. The first recognized overseas unit was chartered in Gibraltar in 1908, followed quickly by a unit in Malta. Canada became the first overseas dominion with a sanctioned Boy Scout program, followed by Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Chile was the first country outside the British dominion to have a recognized Scouting program. The first scout rally, held in 1910 at The Crystal Palace in London, attracted 10.000 boys and a number of girls.
The program initially focused on boys aged 11 to 18, but as the movement grew, the need became apparent for leader training and programs for younger boys, older boys, and girls. The first programs for Cub Scout, and Rover Scout were in place by the late 1910s. They operated independently until they obtained official recognition from their home country’s Scouting organization. In the United Stated, attempts at Cub programs began as early as 1911, but official recognition was not obtained until 1930.
Girls wanted to become part of the movement almost as soon as it began. Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes Baden-Powell introduced the Girl Guides in 1910, a parallel movement for girls, sometimes named Girl Scouts. Agnes Baden-Powell became the first president of the Girl Guides when it was formed in 1910, at the request of the girls who attended the Crystal Palace Rally. In 1914, she started Rosebuds-later renamed Brownies- for younger girls. She stepped down as president of the Girl Guides in 1920 in favor of Robert’s wife Olave Baden-Powell, who was named Chief Guide (for England) in 1918 and World Chief Guide in 1930. At that time, girls were expected to remain separate from boys because of societal standards. By the 1990s, two third of the Scout organizations belonging to WOSM had become co-educational.
Early Scoutmaster training camps were held in London in 1910 and in Yorkshire in 1911. Baden-Powell wanted the training to be as practical as possible to encourage other adults to take leadership roles, so the Wood Badge course developed to recognize adult leadership training. The development of the training was delayed by World War I, so the first Wood Badge course was not held until 1919. Gilwell Park near London was purchased in 1919 on behalf of The Scout Association as an adult training site and Scouting campsite. A wide range of leader training exists in 2007, from basic to program-specific, including the Wood Badge training. Aspects of scouting practice have been criticized as too militaristic. Military-style uniforms, badges of rank, flag ceremonies, and brass bands were commonly accepted in the early years because they were a part of normal society, but since then have diminished or been abandoned in both Scouting or Society.
“Duty to God” is a principle of Scouting, though it is applied differently in various countries. The Boys Scouts of America (BSA) take a strong position, excluding atheists. The Scout Association in the United Kingdom requires adult leaders to implement the Association’s religious policy which encourages members to belong to some religious body. Scout Canada defines Duty to God broadly in terms of “adherence to spiritual principles” and leaves it to the individual member of leader whether they can follow a Scout Promise that includes Duty to God.
Scouting it taught using the method, which incorporates an informal education system that emphasizes practical activities in the outdoor. Programs exist for Scout ranging in age from 6 to 25 (though age limits vary slightly by country), and program specifics target Scout in a manner appropriate to their age.
The Scout method is the principal method by which the Scouting organizations, boy and girl, operate their units. WOSM describes Scouting as “a voluntary nonpolitical educational movement for young people open to all without distinction of origin, race or creed, in accordance with the purpose, principles and method conceived by the founder.” It is the goal of scouting “to contribute to the development of young people in achieving their full physical, intellectual, social and spiritual potentials as individuals, as responsible citizens and as members of their local, national and international communities.

2. Scout goal
Scout has two goals, there are:
a. To build faithful and devout nation’s cadre who is expert in knowledge and technology
b. To build positive attitude, experts in skills, social, intellectual and physical so they can be a good Indonesian citizen who believes in self-skill, and able to build himself responsible for community service.

3. Scout Method
The principles of Scouting describe a code of behavior for all members, and characterize the movement. The Scout method is a progressive system designed to achieve these goals, comprising seven elements :
a. Law and Promise
1) A SCOUT'S HONOUR IS TO BE TRUSTED. If a scout says "On my honour it is so," that means it is so, just as if he had taken a most solemn oath. Similarly, if a scout officer says to a scout, "I trust you on your honour to do this," the Scout is bound to carry out the order to the very best of his ability, and to let nothing interfere with his doing so. If a scout were to break his honour by telling a lie, or by not carrying out an order exactly when trusted on his honour to do so, he would cease to be a scout, and must hand over his scout badge and never be allowed to wear it again.
2) A SCOUT IS LOYAL to the King, and to his officers, and to his country, and to his employers. He must stick to them through thick and thin against anyone who is their enemy, or who even talks badly of them.
3) A SCOUT'S DUTY IS TO BE USEFUL AND TO HELP OTHERS. And he is to do his duty before anything else, even though he gives up his own pleasure, or comfort, or safety to do it. When in difficulty to know which of two things to do, he must ask himself, "Which is my duty?" that is, "Which is best for other people?"---and do that one. He must Be Prepared at any time to save life, or to help injured persons. And he must do a good turn to somebody every day.
4) A SCOUT IS A FRIEND TO ALL, AND A BROTHER TO EVERY OTHER SCOUT, NO MATTER TO WHAT SOCIAL CLASS THE OTHER BELONGS. If a scout meets another scout, even though a stranger to him, he must speak to him, and help him in any way that he can, either to carry out the duty he is then doing, or by giving him food, or, as far as possible, anything that he may be in want of. A scout must never be a SNOB. A snob is one who looks down upon another because he is poorer, or who is poor and resents another because he is rich. A scout accepts the other man as he finds him, and makes the best of him -- "Kim," the boy scout, was called by the Indians "Little friend of all the world," and that is the name which every scout should earn for himself.
5) A SCOUT IS COURTEOUS: That is, he is polite to all--but especially to women and children and old people and invalids, cripples, etc. And he must not take any reward for being helpful or courteous.
6) A SCOUT IS A FRIEND TO ANIMALS. He should save them as far as possible from pain, and should not kill any animal unnecessarily, even if it is only a fly---for it is one of God's creatures.
7) A SCOUT OBEYS ORDERS of his patrol-leader, or scout master without question. Even if he gets an order he does not like, he must do as soldiers and sailors do, he must carry it out all the same because it is his duty; and after he has done it he can come and state any reasons against it: but he must carry out the order at once. That is discipline.
8) A SCOUT SMILES AND WHISTLES under all circumstances. When he gets an order he should obey it cheerily and readily, not in a slow, hang-dog sort of way. Scouts never grouse at hardships, nor whine at each other, nor swear when put out. When you just miss a train, or some one treads on your favorite corn---not that a scout ought to have such things as corns--- or under any annoying circumstances, you should force yourself to smile at once, and then whistle a tune, and you will be all right. A scout goes about with a smile on and whistling. It cheers him and cheers other people, especially in time of danger, for he keeps it up then all the same. The punishment for swearing or bad language is for each offence a mug of cold water to be poured down the offender's sleeve by the other scouts.
9) A SCOUT IS THRIFTY, that is, he saves every penny he can, and puts it in the bank, so that he may have money to keep himself when out of work, and thus not make himself a burden to others; or that he may have money to give away to others when they need it.
10) SCOUT IS CLEAN IN THOUGHT, WORD, AND DEED. Decent Scout look down upon silly youths who talk dirt, and they do not let themselves give way to temptation, either to talk it or to do anything dirty. A Scout is pure, and clear minded, and manly.

Scout Promise (or Oath) and Scout Law have varied slightly over time and from country to country.
The Scout Promise: “On my honor I promise that I will do my best—
To do my duty to God and the King (or to God and my Country)
To help other people at all times
To obey the Scout Law.”
b. Learning by doing
c. Team System
d. Symbolic framework
e. Personal Progression
f. Nature
g. Adult Support
h. Service in the community
The Scout Law and Promise embody the joint values of the Scouting movement worldwide, and bind all Scouting associations together. The emphasis on "learning by doing" provides experiences and hands-on orientation as a practical method of learning and building self-confidence. Small groups build unity, camaraderie, and a close-knit fraternal atmosphere. These experiences, along with an emphasis on trustworthiness and personal honor, help to develop responsibility, character, self-reliance, self-confidence, reliability, and readiness; which eventually lead to collaboration and leadership. A program with a variety of progressive and attractive activities expands a Scout's horizon and bonds the Scout even more to the group. Activities and games provide an enjoyable way to develop skills such as dexterity. In an outdoor setting, they also provide contact with the natural environment

4. Forms of Scout Movement Activities
The example of Scout activities that contained education, these are:
a. Scout Rally (Lt)
b. World Jamboree of International Level (JAMDUN)
c. National Jamboree (JAMNAS)
d. Jamboree of Area Level (JAMDA)
e. Jamboree of Branch Level (JAMCAB)
f. Jamboree of the Twig Level (JAMRAN)
g. JOTA/Jamboree on the Air, which hold every year on April for national level, on October for world level
h. Brownie camp that is alert scout activity which hold in branch level and twig level
i. Survival Training for chief of Boy Scout or Girl Scout (DIANPINRU) that is boy scout or girl scout activity and hold in the level of the branch and the twig to increase the quality of participants educated
j. Survival Training for chief of Senior Rover Scout or Senior Ranger (DIANPINSAT)
k. Rover and Ranger Moot (RAIMUNA) which hold every 5 years
l. PRAMUKA day to commemorate scout movement birthday which hold every year in all the scout movement ranks
m. WEAPON ACADEMIC TITLE National level. Since 1985, which hold every first moth every year
n. Special Troop
o. Law and Order Mindedness Special Troop
p. Air Mindedness Special Troop
q. Agriculture Mindedness Special Troop

C. Life Skills in Scout Movement
Scout Movement has prime duty to held scout exercise for the youth to make responsible young generation and build the country. In the scout there are many activities to give the opportunity to the scout members to apply their experiences and skills according to their age, physic ability, and soul by use the source and cost savings. In order to apply the science and skill, Scout movement internalizes Achievement/Proficiency Requirements (SKK) and Achievement/Proficiency Badge (TKK) to give scout members more experiences, sciences and skills.
Proficiency Requirements (SKK) is the condition for the skill, cleverness, proficiency, dexterity, and skill in certain field that could function as means of developing the interest and member's talent. As mentioned on the decision of National Council no 132 on period 1979 about Proficiency Requirements (SKK) and Proficiency Badges pictures (TKK). There are five kinds of Achievement/Proficiency Requirements (SKK) and Proficiency Badges (TKK) pictures;
a. Regional, mental, moral, spiritual and character building aspect have 5 kinds of Proficiency Badges (TKK) pictures
b. Patriotism, art and culture aspect have 8 kinds of Proficiency Badges (TKK) pictures
c. Dexterity and health aspect have 8 kinds of Proficiency Badges (TKK) pictures
d. Handicraft and building construction aspect have 48 kinds of Proficiency Badges (TKK) pictures
e. Social, humanitarianism, mutual co-operation, society law, global piece and environment aspect have 15 kinds of Proficiency Badges (TKK) pictures
According to age of scout member, Proficiency Requirements (SKK) have 4 levels, there are:
a. Proficiency Requirements (SKK) for Brownie Scout
b. Proficiency Requirements (SKK) for Girl Scout
c. Proficiency Requirements (SKK) for Ranger Scout
d. Proficiency Requirements (SKK) for Senior Ranger Scout
According to scout subject matter, Achievement/Proficiency Requirements have 3 levels, there are;
a. Law level (purwa), the shape of Proficiency Badges (TKK) is circle
b. Middle level (madya), the shape of Proficiency Badges (TKK) is math
c. Upper level/high level (utama), the shape of Proficiency Badges (TKK) is five angle
Achievement/Proficiency Badge (TKK) has different colors;
a. Regional, mental, moral, spiritual and character building aspect is yellow color
b. Patriotism, art and culture aspect is red color
c. Dexterity and health aspect is white color
d. Handicraft and building construction aspect is green color
e. Social, humanitarianism, mutual co-operation, society law, global piece and environment aspect is blue color
We can see all Proficiency Badge (TKK) pictures as written on enclosure.
Scout Subjects included :
a. Knots, there are:
1) Top Rope knot
2) Plait knot
3) Double Plait Knot
b. Pioneering, include some bonds, there are:
1) Crossbar bond
2) Crosswise bond
3) Branch bond
4) Triple bond
5) Base bond
6) Anchor bond
7) Pole bond
8) Twin bond
9) Tight bond
10) Tether bond
11) Pull knot
12) Turk bond
13) Chair knot
14) Pull bond
15) Lasso bond
c. Morse
d. Semaphore
e. Code, there are many kinds of code;
1) Numeral code
2) Return code
3) Picture code
4) AN code
5) Musical Note code
6) Djatim lomba code
7) Degree/power code
8) Manuk Suara code
9) Balay Irung code
10) Puluhan code
11) Kotak I code/Balok A code
12) Kotak II code
13) Balok B code
14) Fraction (pecahan) code
15) Nail code
16) Clock code
17) Kurung buka code
18) Points of the compass code
19) AND code
20) Soap code
21) Mirror code
22) Tail code
23) Ribbon code
24) Three steps code
25) Imarengos code
26) International Alphabet code
27) National Alphabet code
28) World code
29) Shrimp code
30) Flower code
31) China code
32) Writing that begin from the left corner
33) Numerical 1203 code
34) Napoleon code
35) Flat code
36) Whistle code
37) Lamp code
38) Big flag code
39) Smoke code
40) Swiss flag code
41) Radio code
42) Letter code
43) Angka garing code
44) Massage code
45) Wink code
46) Light blow code
47) Crossbar code
48) Chemistry code
49) Starch code
f. Stenography is knowledge about method to easy write and read.
g. Compass
h. Estimate
i. Cartography
j. First Aid (PPPK)
k. Technical terms
l. Directive of using the stick scout
m. Ceremony